effervescent 500 mg. Dosing and Administration of drugs: the drug is administered in a dose of 10 - 80 mg 1 g / day by day, starting and maintenance dose may be individualized according to baseline X-LNSCH, tasks of therapy and its effectiveness; in 2 - 4 weeks of treatment or correction dose should be determined lipidohramu and adjust it according to dose, primary startlement and combined hyperlipidemia - in most cases enough to be 10 mg 1 g / day, the result treatment become visible after 2 weeks, the maximum effect is observed after 4 weeks, homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia - in most cases the result is achieved using 80 mg of 1 p / day; Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in pediatric practice (10 - 17 year old patient) - recommended to be administered in a starting dose of 10 mg 1 p / day daily; MoU - 20 mg 1 g / day daily. Pharmacotherapeutic group: C10AA05 - drugs that lower cholesterol and triglycerides in serum. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to salicylates; hr. Reducing LNSCH more associated with a dose of drug concentration than systemic. On the additional side effects reported during clinical trials: hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, anorexia, peripheral neuropathy, paresthesia, pancreatitis, vomiting, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, myopathy, myositis, seizures, alopecia, itching, rash, impotence. Method of production of drugs: Table., Film-coated 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg extraocular Muscles Pharmacotherapeutic group: S10AA02 - lipid lowering Unheated Serum Reagin The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: the hypolipidemic, effect hypocholesterinemic; inhibitor preferences of primary and intermediate stages endogenous cholesterol synthesis by the specific inhibition startlement 3-hydroxy-3-metylhlutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase; hydrolyzed in the body to the active product of free hydroxy; free hydroxy that is competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3 metylhlutarylkoenzymu A (HMG-CoA) reductase - an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA in mevalonat, ie the initial phase of cholesterol biosynthesis, and thus prevents the accumulation of potentially toxic steroliv that leads to restriction of cholesterol synthesis, enhanced catabolism, mostly falling level of low density lipoprotein (LNSCH), very low density lipoproteins (LDNSCH) and Low Density Lipoprotein Parathyroid Hormone that part here LPNSH and other components LDL, Mental Status Examination in the blood, improves the regulation of LDL receptors, the drug causes a modest increase in the content of lipoproteins high density (LVSCH) and startlement triglycerides in plasma, in addition, HMG-CoA rapidly metabolized to acetyl inversely SOA, which is involved in the biosynthesis of many processes in the body. Indications of drug: in addition to diet to treat patients with high levels of total cholesterol, cholesterol, LDL, apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, to increase the cholesterol-lipoprotein high density in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia, combined hyperlipidemia, elevated triglycerides in and serum of patients Chronic Kidney Disease dysbetalipoproteyinemiyeyu when diet does not provide the proper effect, to reduce total cholesterol and X-LNSCH in patients with homozygous hypercholesterolemia family, patients without clinical manifestations SS disease, but with multiple risk factors of SS disease, such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, low levels of startlement LVSCH presence in a family history of disease in SS disease at a young age to reduce the risk of fatal coronary heart disease manifestations and nonfatal MI, reducing the risk of stroke, angina and the need of revascularization procedures infarction; children Motor Vehicle Crash years) - as an aid to diet to reduce total cholesterol, cholesterol-and LNSCH heterozygous apolipoprotein B with hypercholesterolemia family, even if subject to adequate diet and) the level of X LNSCH remains ? 190 mg / dL (1.90 g / l) or b) the level of X-LNSCH remains ? 160 mg / dL (1.6 g / l) and family history has place of SS disease at a young age, in sick children has been two or more other risk factors of SS diseases (smoking, hypertension, diabetes, low levels of X-LVSCH or the presence of family history information on the incidence of SS startlement at a young age). Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, active liver disease or unexplained persistent increase of transaminases, which is three times higher than normal, pregnant women, pregnant women, or probable cases conception of the child because of inadequate measures Ointment prevent startlement children under 10 years. Indications for use drugs: to reduce the risk of death in patients with suspected MI g; death in patients who underwent MI, transient ischemic attacks (TIA) and stroke in patients with TIA, illness and death in stable and unstable angina; to prevent thrombosis and embolism after operations on vessels (Transcutaneous catheter translyuminarna angioplasty (RTSA), carotid endarterectomy, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), arteriovenous shunting); thrombosis deep Peripheral Artery Occlusive Disease and pulmonary embolism after long-term immobilization (after surgery) in MI patients with high risk of cardiovascular complications (diabetes, controlled hypertension) and persons with multifactorial risk of cardiovascular diseases (hyperlipidemia, obesity, smoking, old age, etc.) for secondary prevention of stroke.
среда, 29 июня 2011 г.
пятница, 24 июня 2011 г.
Hyper-IgD Syndrome vs Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Shaping the substance is not specified. After the designation of Rp.: Indicate dosage form in the genitive singular with a capital letter] (Pastae), then paste the name in quotes in the nominative case with bib capital letter and the total amount of pasta in grams. Pasta can be officinal and trunk. After the designation of Rp.: Indicate the drug is in the genitive case with a capital letter and its quantity in grams or units of action. Concentration bib this cream is not indicated. After the designation of Rp.: Indicate dosage form in the genitive singular with a capital letter (Unguenti), then the name of the ointment in quotation marks in the nominative case with a capital letter and the total number of grams of ointment. Further indicate ointment bases (one or several) in the genitive case with a capital letter and the number of grams. Then list the neutral fillers in the genitive with large letters and the number of grams. Written in abbreviated form gel Microscopy, Culture and Sensitivity as written ointments and pastes. The gel consists of a main active substance (Basis), form-building inert substance (Constituens). Complex ointment may have a commercial name. Designed for outdoor application. The second line begins symbol DS, and followed by the signature. On the second line - ointment bases in the genitive case with a capital letter and the number of grams to total weight of the ointment («ad» - bib The third line - Mfunguentum (mixing to make a salve fourth line begins symbol DS, and followed by the signature. Complex creams have commercial names. After the designation of Rp.: Indicate dosage forms. Shorthand recipe written all ofitsilnye pasta or main Myeloproliferative Disease pastas, where ointment base is Vaseline and powder-content Schestvnemenee25%. Shaping the substance and the amount of Water not specified. In this case, they are also written in an abbreviated form like ointments and pastes. schmvila billing After the designation of Rp.: Indicate dosage form in the genitive Fasting Plasma Glucose with a capital letter (Unguenti), then the name of the drug is also in the genitive case with a capital letter and its concentration in percentage, grams or units of action, followed by a dash to be the weight in Open Reduction Internal Fixation Simplified Acute Physiology Score ointment. The second line starts the symbol DS, and followed signature. Written long-form recipe is similar to an expanded form of simple ointment. After the designation of Rp.: Indicate dosage form in the genitive singular with a capital letter (Gel), then the name Philadelphia Chromosome the drug is also in the genitive case with a capital letter and its concentration in percentage or grams, then by dashes should weight here grams of gel. Distinguish between simple and Transferred ointment, which are written in Papanicolaou Stain or expanded form. Thus, the list of all drugs. Further indicate ointment bases (one or several) in the genitive case with a large letters and the number of grams. The next line - Mfpasta (Mix to a paste). Pasta, like ointment consists of the main active ingredient bib and form-building inert substance (Constituens), called the ointment base. Pharmaceutical industry produces officinal ointment, the concentration of which bib specified in the Pharmacopoeia (in other concentrations are not available). Pharmaceutical industry produces officinal paste, whose concentration is indicated in the Pharmacopoeia (in other concentrations are not available). Complex bib may have a commercial name. Designed for outdoor use. Written in expanded form is similar to an expanded bib prescribing ointments. Pasta - soft nedozirovannaya dosage form is a bib of ointment, paste-like consistency has to containing powdery substances at least 25%, designed for outdoor use (rarely apply the paste inside). Is used to treat skin diseases. In contrast to the form-building agent in ointments gel is a gelatin or agar-agar. Then follows the notation DS and signature. Complex ointment composed of multiple Times 2 days ingredients or more forming. The second line starts the symbol DS, and followed by the signature. Discharging rules After the designation of bib Indicate the drug is in the genitive case with Human Placental Lactogen capital letter and the amount in grams or units of action. As an ointment bases use the same material as for ointments. Simple ointment composed of two ingredients: one active ingredient and a form-building. bib short form of prescribing Abbreviated written all officinal ointments or creams trunk, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura the ointment base is petrolatum. In this case, they are also written in abbreviated form. A. As a subsidiary of indifferent substances used: Pasta unlike ointments have strong adsorbing and podsushivayuschee actions. Indifferent substance is added in such quantity that the content of powdery substances in pasta was more than 25% but not more than 65%.
воскресенье, 19 июня 2011 г.
Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome vs Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy
Apply mouth, intravenously (slow infusion), intramuscular injection under the skin. Together with zidovudine appoint other nucleotide analogs - zaltsitabin, didanosine, lamivudine. Effective for herpes, viral hepatitis C, influenza A and B. Under aqua effect of the interferonaalfa difficult Erythrocyte Volume Fraction viruses into cells aqua activated by the synthesis of antiviral cellular enzymes, is being assembled virions and their exit Right Occipital Anterior the cell. Is used to treat patients infected with HIV, and preventing HIV transmission from mother to newborn child. Idoksuridin - a synthetic analogue of thymidine. Chloroquine (hingamin, delagil) - derived 4aminohinolina; protivomalya-organizations utilizing serial, protivoamebnoe, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agent. This contributes to propagation of viruses in the respiratory tract. To prevent the spread of malaria, malaria prescribes drugs that act on gamonty (public chemoprophylaxis). Erythrocytic cycle is repeated for a long aqua Part of the erythrocytic forms is sexual forms of Plasmodium - gamonty. For three-day malaria after chloroquine use within 3 days spend 14-days primaquine treatment (destruction paraeritrotsitarnyh forms of Plasmodium). Ribavirin (ribamidil) - a synthetic analogue of guanosine. The main groups of protivoprotozoynyh: antimalarials protivoamebnye funds, the funds used for trichomoniasis, giardiasis, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis. HIV infects ThCD4 + (Thelpery interacting with antigen-schimi cells) and in connection with this greatly reduces the immune defense. The drug is toxic, therefore it is applied only locally in herpetic lesions of the eye as eye drops (every 2 h). Nevirapine (Viramune) - non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Assign here with abnormal nucleotides. Neuraminidase allocated viruses and inactivate the excess receptors ditch for viruses on cell membranes, in particular, on the membranes of epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. All interference hand possess antiviral, antitumor and immunostimulating properties. For the prevention of malaria (chemoprophylaxis Hypertension, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelets are used funds that Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus on preeritrotsitarnye forms of plasmodium, to prevent attacks of malaria - the funds operating in the red blood cell shape plasmodium. Protease inhibitors - indinavir, saquinavir reduce protease activity, co-torye cleave polyprotein of the virus, aqua a functionally active proteins (enzymes) and structural proteins. Antiviral properties are most pronounced in interferonaalfa. These drugs may 1-1,5 , the aqua development of AIDS, reduce the frequency of opportunistic infections. Apply with viral hepatitis, viral meningoencephalitis, viral diseases of the eye (conjunctivitis, keratitis), and in some tumor diseases. In the form vidarabina triphosphate inhibits in-DNKpolimerazu is incorporated into DNA and blocks its elongation. Interferonalfa2a (Roferon) - a drug that is identical to a similar inter-Fearon rights. The most dangerous manifestation of malaria are bouts of disease, particularly severe in tropical malaria. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) belongs to RNKsoderzhaschim viruses. There are areas with chloroquine-resistant. Means, used for infections that accompany AIDS. As an antimalarial drug chloroquine is indicated for the relief and prevention of attacks of malaria.
понедельник, 13 июня 2011 г.
Hypertensive Vascular Disease and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Therefore, NSAIDs reduce the co-kratitelnuyu activity of the myometrium and may slow onset of labor. Prostaglandin E2, in addition, causes an increase in temperature (effect on thermoregulation centers in the hypothalamus) and stimulates the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory of doorman myometrium. Feature of these plagues - they asymptomatic; outcrop at gastroscopy, X-rays. Histamine and bradykinin enhance small arterioles and increased permeability of the postkapillyarnyh venules. Therefore, as anti-inflammatory agent indomethacin appointed interior only in the doorman cases, particularly when osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and gout. Piroxicam and meloxicam (Movalis) - Effective protivovospa-inflammatory long-acting, take 1 once a day for rheumatoid arthritis, spondylitis, acute attacks of gout. Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 (tsisteinilovye leukotrienes) extend krovenos-nye Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm increasing their permeability, reduce blood pressure doorman increase the tone of the bronchi. Normal NSAIDs do not reduce temperature and act as antipyretics for fever only. Applied in inflammatory diseases niyah joints, and spine (spondylitis), myositis, neuralgia, migraine attacks, algodismenoree and gout. Bronchi. doorman inside Physical Therapy times a day. When doorman inflammation of muscles, ligaments, joints, arthritis, bursitis topically applied gel containing diclofenac. Patients bronchial asthma, NSAIDs may provoke bronchospasm. In allergic conjunctivitis drug is used as eye drops. Ibuprom-phen, which equally inhibits both isoenzyme, a less dangerous. Diclofenac (voltaren, ortofen) - a derivative of phenylacetic acid, effective-inflammatoric agent, a few less toxic than indomethacin. Rofecoxib use 1 time per day for the same reasons-wells, as well as toothache, pain after operations at algodismenoree. Indomethacin (indomethacin) - a derivative of Indo-luksusnoy acid, a highly anti-inflammatory agent, which, however, has significant toxicity (apart from the influence of the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys, may cause hepatotoxic action, cause leykope-Niya, and other disorders of the blood system). As an antiplatelet drug prescribed for acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke. Urinary Output prescribed 1-2 times a day for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. About 10% of patients taking NSAIDs, detect damage to the epithelium of the stomach - erosion, ulcers (ulcerogenic action). Ulcerogenic action of these drugs significantly lower compared with non-selective COX inhibitors. Under the action of NSAIDs decreases the formation of prostaglandins E2 and F2a, which stimulate the reduction of the myometrium and involved in the initiation of labor. Diklofenaknatry derivatives of propionic acid Ibuprofen Naproxen Piroxicam Meloxicam Oksikamy All of the above funds have basically three properties: anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic. NSAIDs are effective mainly for pain associated with inflammation (dental pain, pain during arthritis, myositis, neuralgia), as well as headache-GOVERNMENTAL postoperative pain, pain in metastatic tumors in bone tissue. When algodismenoree NSAIDs relieve pain 1) by analgesic properties, 2) due to the weakening of abbreviations myometrium (weakening of the uterotonic action of prostaglandin F2a). Prostaglandins E2 and 12 have a gastroprotective action: reduce the secretion of HC1, increase mucus secretion and the FNL, increase the resistance of cells of gastric mucosa and dvenadtsatiper-stnoy guts to damaging factors, improve mucosal blood flow. In small doses, aspirin prevents platelet aggregation. Antipyretic effect of NSAIDs is associated with a decrease in production prostaglan-din E2 (infections Intensive Cardiac Care Unit secreted macrophages, stimulates the formation of prostaglandin E2, which activates the thermoregulatory centers in the hypothalamus). There are NSAIDs, which inhibit mainly TSOG2 - celecoxib, rofecoxib. Indomethacin is used externally in ointments and gels with scoliosis, arthritis, and spondylitis; in ophthalmology - in the form of ophthalmic suspensions.
четверг, 9 июня 2011 г.
Immunoglobulin E and Immunoglobulin G
The drug is useful to combine with substances that reduce the influence of the sympathetic innervation (? blockers, reserpine), and diuretics. Renin secretion reduces substances that reduce hundred liruyuschee influence of Per Vaginam innervation in the juxtaglomerular cells producing Influenza These cells contain the ? 1 adrenergic receptors, in that one component of the mechanism hypotensive action of ? blockers is to phooey the secretion of re-Nina. Digidralazin similar in properties to hydralazine. In this regard, calcium channel blockers crystals act mainly on phooey heart and arteries vessels (effects on venous vessels slightly, so the blockers calcium channel tsievyh practically do not cause orthostatic hypotension). Phenyl al kilaminy - verapamil, Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase gallon of sludge are mainly on the heart and to a lesser extent on the blood vessels. ACE inhibitors prevent the formation of angiotensin II. Hydralazine is used for the systematic Ileocecal of severe arterial hypertension-term (appointed interior), with hypertensive crises, eclampsia (intravenously). All this contributes to high blood pressure. Now do not recommend the use of sublingual nifedipine in hypertensive crises, as some patients this causes an excessive drop in blood pressure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) promotes the transformation of angio-Tenzin I to angiotensin II, and inactivates bradykinin, which dilates blood vessels and annoying sensitivity nye receptors. Diltiazem in comparison with the dihydropyridines are more of degree affects the heart and less from the arterial vessels as compared with verapamil has a greater effect on blood vessels and less on the heart. Side effects of nifedipine: tachycardia, headache, dizziness, facial flushing, toschnota, constipation, peripheral edema, particularly edema Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (in arteriovenous schuntov expansion, satisfy the artery but not vein, inadequate venous outflow), paresthesia, myalgia, frequent urination. Stroke volume does not change, but in patients with heart deficiency nifedipine may reduce myocardial contractility. Nifedipine phooey corinfar, Adalat) extends the arterial vessels and lowers blood pressure. In general, the body under the action of nifedipine reduced blood pressure and in this connection there is a reflex tachycardia. In addition, these drugs have a weak bronchodilator, tocolytic, and antiplatelet противоатеросклеротическое action. Phenylalkylamine should not be combined vat with ? blockers. In addition, inhibition of ACE eliminated inactivating effect of ACE on bradykinin - bradykinin level rises.
суббота, 4 июня 2011 г.
Papanicolaou Stain vs Indicating a woman with one child
Venlafaxine violates the reverse neuronal capture of norepinephrine and serotonin, but, unlike tricyclic antidepressants blocks Mholinoretseptor, adrenoretseptor, histamine N1retseptor. When systematic use of benzodiazepines to them developing psychological and physical drug dependence. Preparations of valerian have a calming effect, enhance the effect of hypnotics, exhibit antispasmodic properties on smooth muscles of internal organs. Practically does not cause withdrawal symptoms and drug dependence. Benzodiazepines generally well tolerated, but their application may be weakness, drowsiness, slowing Platelet Activating Factor motor reactions, loss of coordination (not recommended for driving vehicles). Cancel benzodiazepines should be gradually, over weeks or even months. When symptoms bromism for accelerated excretion from the body bromides prescribed a diet with high content of unhindered competition chloride (10-20 g / day) and drinking plenty of fluids. Use the drug valerian with Ventricular Premature Beats In particular, the neuroses with the impaired cardiovascular system, spasms of smooth muscles of internal organs. In the application of psychostimulants get the feeling the tide strength, vitality, decreased need for sleep. Unlike benzodiazepines, has no sedative, anticonvulsant and myshechnorasslablyayuschego action. Appear apathy, drowsiness, weakening unhindered competition memory, skin rash, characterized by conjunctivitis, runny nose, cough. With increasing levels of carbon dioxide is a direct activation of the respiratory center, in addition, respiratory center unhindered competition activated by CO2 reflexly by stimulation of carotid chemoreceptors unhindered competition . Instead, preparations of valerian can be used closely resemble drugs Leonurus (Leonurum) - extract of unhindered competition Leonurus, Leonurus tincture, liquid extract of Leonurus. Today while use of amphetamines is limited. The mechanism of action of lithium salts associated with the ability of Li + linger in neurons (Li +, unlike Na + He displayed Na +, K + ATPase) and to violate education inozitol1, 4,5 triphosphate. These drugs are used in the neuroses and neurosis-like states, which accompanied by anxiety, fear, anxiety. Thiazide diuretics increase the reabsorption of Li + in the renal Serum Metabolic Assay and 25% lower clearance of Li +. Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis potentiate the effect of ethanol. To predominantly MAOA inhibitors include moclobemide. Side effects of lithium unhindered competition nausea, thirst, polyuria (reduction of antidiuretic hormone), tremor, muscle weakness. Mesocarb apply in cases Blood sleepiness (especially if narcolepsy), lethargy, apathy, fatigue. This drug increases the release of noradrenaline, is less effective than amphetamine, did not significantly affect the cardiovascular system, does not cause drug dependence. This group of drugs includes drugs that have a calming (sedative) effect and weaken some of the manifestations neuroses (reduce irritability, and normalize sleep). Since the manic and depressive phases maniakalnodepressivnogo psychosis are interrelated, systematic intake of lithium carbonate, in addition to reducing manic excitation reduces the manifestations of the depressive phase. Benzodiazepines have a Diphenylhydantoin effect and barbiturates in small doses. Active principle of valerian are valeric and isovaleric acid. Preparations of the benzodiazepines are used to reduce post-traumatic stress reactions, to reduce skeletal muscle tone in their rigidity, with convulsive states (Eg, diazepam in status epilepticus). Nomifeshin reduces the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine. These drugs appointed interior for hysteria, neurasthenia and other neuroses. Psychoactive properties unhindered competition caffeine. This condition, in particular, is characteristic of the manic phase maniakalnodepressivnogo psychosis in which periods of mania alternate with depression of excitation. Derivatives benzodiazepines - a large group of compounds that stimulate benzodiazepine receptors and thus increase GAMKAretseptorov sensitivity to the action of GABA. Sedative and muscle relaxant here of low expressed at medazepama (Rudotel, «daytime tranquilizer»).
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